Layer separation comes from weak bonding, low temperature, excessive cooling, moisture, contamination or wrong orientation. Inspect the fracture surface before changing material.
Diagnose
- Separation along layers.
- Cracks in corners.
- Bubbles or contamination.
- Direction versus load.
Correct
Dry the material, raise temperature within range, reduce cooling, calibrate flow and align layers with the load. Increase wall support where needed.
Verify
- Peel test.
- Functional load.
- Several samples.
| Cause | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Low temp | Weak layers | Increase |
| Cooling | Separation | Reduce |
| Moisture | Bubbles | Dry |
| Orientation | Crack path | Reorient |
Common engineering mistakes
- Only increasing flow.
- Ignoring moisture.
- Testing one sample.
- Leaving sharp corners.
- Changing many settings.
Buyer checklist
- Is temperature correct?
- Is cooling too strong?
- Is material dry?
- Is orientation correct?
- Is the failure repeatable?
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